3:19 Your injuries are too severe to heal; your wounds are terrible. Everyone who hears the news of your fate will cheer, because your evil deeds have constantly affected everyone.
Context: This verse, though its numbering might be unusual for its content in the book of Habakkuk, describes a prophecy of intense judgement and severe consequences for a wicked entity. It focuses on the irreversible downfall of an oppressor.
Meaning: This verse warns a nation that its injuries are so severe they can't be healed, and its wounds are terrible. Everyone who hears about their downfall will actually celebrate and cheer. This is because this nation's evil actions have constantly harmed and affected many other people, and now they are finally receiving their deserved punishment.

3:1 This is a prayer sung by the prophet Habakkuk, set to a special tune.
Context: This verse introduces the final chapter of Habakkuk, which is a prayer from the prophet himself. It sets the stage for a deeply personal and poetic expression of faith and trust, even amidst uncertainty.
Meaning: This verse simply tells us that what follows is a prayer written by the prophet Habakkuk. It mentions that it's set to a "special tune," meaning it was likely intended to be sung, much like many psalms, indicating it was a musical and worshipful expression.

3:2 Lord, I've listened to your words and felt a deep fear. Please, Lord, bring your great deeds to life again in our time; let them be known once more. When your anger comes, please remember to show kindness.
Context: This verse is at the very beginning of Habakkuk's prayer, showing his raw reaction to God's previous revelations about coming judgement and ultimate salvation. It's a plea for God's mercy and powerful intervention.
Meaning: Habakkuk tells God that he has listened to all of God's powerful words and plans (which he heard in the earlier chapters) and feels a deep, respectful fear. He then earnestly asks God to repeat His amazing, powerful deeds from the past in their current time, so everyone can see them again. He also pleads that even when God's anger comes, He will always remember to show kindness and mercy.

3:3 God arrived from the region of Teman, and the Holy One came from Mount Paran. (Pause and reflect). His brilliant majesty spread across the sky, and His greatness filled the entire world.
Context: This verse begins a magnificent, poetic description of God's powerful and glorious appearance. It draws on ancient imagery of God revealing Himself from specific mountainous regions, similar to His appearance at Mount Sinai during the Exodus.
Meaning: This verse paints a grand picture of God arriving with incredible power and majesty. It describes Him coming from specific desert regions, Teman and Mount Paran, places often associated with God appearing to His people in the past. His brilliant glory spreads across the sky, and His greatness fills the entire world. The "Pause and reflect" (Selah) is a musical note, asking the reader or singer to stop and think deeply about this awe-inspiring image.

3:4 His brilliance shone like pure light. Rays of power, like horns, came from His presence, and within them was concealed His mighty strength.
Context: Continuing the majestic description of God's appearance, this verse further elaborates on His radiating power and how His immense strength is both visible and somewhat mysterious.
Meaning: This verse describes God's awesome presence as shining incredibly brightly, like pure, intense light. From Him, powerful rays, like horns (which can symbolise strength or brilliant light), radiate out. Within all that visible brilliance, His mighty and powerful strength is also hidden and contained, showing that His power is both evident and immeasurable.

3:5 Sickness and disease moved ahead of Him, and fiery destruction followed right where His feet stepped.
Context: Still part of the poetic and dramatic description of God's powerful arrival, this verse uses personification to show that divine judgement and destructive consequences accompany Him.
Meaning: This verse uses vivid imagery to show that when God moves, sickness and disease, along with fiery destruction, precede and follow Him. It's like saying that wherever God steps, His judgement against evil, whether through plagues or fire, is right there, ready to act as His messengers or consequences.

3:6 He stood still and surveyed the whole earth. He looked, and nations were driven apart. The oldest mountains crumbled, and the ancient hills bent low. His ways are forever unchanging.
Context: The description of God's mighty presence continues, emphasising His sovereign power over all creation, even the most ancient and stable elements of the earth, and over all nations.
Meaning: This verse shows God's incredible, effortless power. It says He simply stands still and looks at the whole earth, and His gaze is so powerful that nations are driven apart, the oldest mountains crumble, and the ancient hills bend low in submission. This means God's power is so immense that even the strongest and oldest parts of the Earth react to Him. And, importantly, His ways and power are forever unchanging and eternal.

3:7 I saw the people of Cushan living in distress, and the homes in the land of Midian shook with fear.
Context: This verse concludes the poetic description of God's powerful arrival by detailing the specific reactions of nations, illustrating the fear and distress His presence causes.
Meaning: This verse gives specific examples of how certain peoples reacted to God's powerful arrival. It says that the people of Cushan and the inhabitants of Midian (who were historical groups or enemies of Israel) were filled with great fear and distress. Their homes shook, showing how terrifying and impactful God's presence can be to those who witness His awesome power, especially if they are opposing Him.

3:8 Lord, were you mad at the rivers? Was your anger aimed at the streams, or your fury at the sea, that you rode on your mighty horses and chariots to rescue your people?
Context: This verse is part of Habakkuk's prayer where he recalls God's powerful actions in Israel's history, particularly the Exodus. He uses rhetorical questions to describe God's absolute control over nature, specifically the Red Sea and Jordan River, when He rescued His people. This serves to remind God, and Habakkuk himself, of God's immense power.
Meaning: Habakkuk is asking God if He was angry at the powerful rivers and the vast sea because He rode through them with His mighty power to save His people. He's not suggesting God literally gets mad at water, but using strong, poetic language to show that God completely overpowered natural barriers, like splitting the Red Sea, when He rescued the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. It's an expression of awe at God's incredible strength.

3:9 Your bow was drawn and ready for action, just as you promised to your people. (Pause and reflect). You split the ground, making rivers flow through the land.
Context: Continuing his prayer of remembrance, Habakkuk pictures God as a divine warrior prepared for battle on behalf of His covenant people. The verse also alludes to God's past miracles of providing water in the wilderness, further demonstrating His readiness to protect and provide for Israel. The "Pause and reflect" (Selah) is a musical or meditative instruction.
Meaning: This verse portrays God as a warrior with His bow ready for action, just as He promised His people He would protect them. It also reminds us of a time God "split the ground," which likely refers to Him making water gush from rocks in the desert to quench His people's thirst during their journey. It highlights God's faithfulness and His power to intervene both in battle and by providing for His people.

3:10 The mountains saw you and shook with fear. Great floods of water rushed past. The deep ocean roared loudly and seemed to reach up high.
Context: This verse further emphasises God's awe-inspiring presence and power, drawing on imagery often associated with God's appearance at Mount Sinai and His command over creation. The trembling mountains and roaring waters are metaphors illustrating the profound reaction of the natural world to its Creator's majestic power.
Meaning: This verse uses dramatic images to show how incredibly powerful God is. It says that even huge mountains shook with fear when God appeared, massive floods of water rushed past, and the deep ocean roared loudly and seemed to reach high up. It's a way of saying that all of nature, even the biggest and strongest parts of it, reacts with immense awe and fear in the presence of God's power.

3:11 The sun and moon stopped moving in the sky. They moved only by the light of your piercing arrows and the gleam of your shining spear.
Context: This verse uses hyperbole or refers to a specific miraculous event (like Joshua's long day) to demonstrate God's absolute control over the cosmos. It paints God as a supreme warrior whose actions are so powerful they can even command and affect celestial bodies, emphasising His unmatched might.
Meaning: This verse describes God's immense power by saying that even the sun and moon stopped moving in the sky. Instead of their usual path, they only seemed to move by the bright light of God's arrows and the shining gleam of His spear. It’s a powerful image showing that God is in complete control of everything, even the sun and moon, especially when He is fighting to protect His people.

3:12 You marched across the land in righteous fury, crushing the ungodly nations in your anger.
Context: This verse shifts from God's power over nature to His active role as a divine judge and warrior in human history. It depicts God marching forth in righteous indignation to execute judgement against wicked nations that oppose Him and His people, recalling historical interventions like the conquest of Canaan.
Meaning: Here, Habakkuk pictures God as a powerful general, marching across the land with a righteous anger. This anger isn't unfair; it's a holy anger against nations that are wicked and oppose Him. He "crushes" these nations, meaning He defeats them completely because of their evil actions. It shows God as the ultimate judge who brings justice to the world.

3:13 You went out to save your people, even to rescue your chosen leader. You struck down the leader of the wicked, completely tearing apart their power from top to bottom. (Pause and reflect).
Context: This verse clarifies the ultimate purpose of God's mighty interventions: the salvation of His chosen people and their leader. It highlights God's direct involvement in defeating the enemies of Israel, completely dismantling their power from top to bottom. The "Pause and reflect" (Selah) again denotes a musical or meditative interlude.
Meaning: This verse explains why God did all those powerful things. He acted to save "His people" (Israel) and "His chosen leader" (like a king or a judge). At the same time, He completely destroyed the power of the "leader of the wicked" nations, totally breaking their strength. It shows God as a protector and champion for His own, ensuring their rescue and victory.

3:14 You used their own weapons to strike down the chiefs of their towns. They charged forward like a violent whirlwind, trying to scatter me. They secretly delighted in planning to destroy the helpless.
Context: This verse describes God's strategic intervention, where He turns the enemy's own weapons and tactics against them. It also exposes the aggressive and deceptive nature of the adversaries, who sought to destroy the vulnerable. The "me" here represents Habakkuk, identifying with God's people under threat.
Meaning: This verse describes God's clever strategy: He used the enemy's own weapons against them to strike down their leaders. It also reveals how aggressive and cruel these enemies were—they attacked like a powerful storm, trying to scatter "me" (meaning Habakkuk and his people). They even secretly enjoyed planning to destroy those who were helpless. But God turned their plans against them.

3:15 You rode your horses through the sea, right through the towering mounds of water.
Context: This verse returns to the powerful imagery of God as a divine warrior, specifically recalling the miracle of the Red Sea crossing. It serves to reinforce the idea that God's power is absolute and can overcome any natural obstacle when He intervenes to rescue His people, echoing earlier themes in the chapter.
Meaning: This verse is another reminder of God's amazing power, specifically referencing the time He led His people out of Egypt. It pictures God riding His "horses" (a symbol of His powerful army) right through the sea, with the water piled up high on either side. It's a way of saying that God can make a way where there seems to be no way, completely dominating nature to save His people.

3:16 When I heard all this, my stomach churned, my lips trembled at the sound. A decay seemed to fill my bones, and my whole body shook. I waited patiently for the day of trouble to come upon the invading army.
Context: This verse marks a significant shift in Habakkuk's prayer. Having recalled God's awesome power, the prophet now describes his personal, visceral reaction: overwhelming fear and awe at the prospect of God's coming judgement, likely referring to the prophesied Babylonian invasion. Despite this physical terror, he expresses a resolve to wait patiently.
Meaning: After remembering all these incredibly powerful things God did, Habakkuk describes his own reaction. He felt sick to his stomach, his lips trembled, his bones felt weak, and his whole body shook. This wasn't just fear, but also awe at God's power and the seriousness of the coming judgement. Even though he was terrified, he decided to "wait patiently" for the difficult time when the invading army would come, trusting God's plan.

3:17 Even if the fig tree doesn't bloom, and there are no grapes on the vines; if the olive harvest fails, and the fields produce no food; if the sheep disappear from the pens, and there are no cattle in the barns:
Context: This verse begins Habakkuk's profound declaration of faith. He imagines a scenario of complete economic and agricultural devastation, which would represent utter ruin in an ancient agrarian society. This extreme hypothetical situation sets the stage for his subsequent unwavering expression of joy in God.
Meaning: Habakkuk is imagining the absolute worst-case scenario for his people—a time when nothing grows, no food is produced, and no animals are left. He lists all the important crops (figs, grapes, olives) failing and all the livestock (sheep, cattle) disappearing. He's picturing a time of extreme hunger and poverty, acknowledging the potential suffering that might come with the invading army.

3:18 Still, I will celebrate in the Lord; I will find happiness in God, who saves me.
Context: This verse is the powerful conclusion to Habakkuk's prayer, demonstrating a radical faith that transcends immediate circumstances. Despite the potential for utter desolation described in the previous verse, Habakkuk declares his unwavering joy and trust in God as his Saviour and strength. This is the culmination of his journey from questioning to profound faith.
Meaning: Even after picturing such a terrible time of no food and no animals (as in verse 17), Habakkuk declares something amazing: "Still, I will celebrate in the Lord!" He says he will find happiness and joy in God because God is his rescuer and saviour, no matter what happens around him. This shows incredible faith, choosing to trust and rejoice in God even when everything else is going wrong.

**SECTION 1: Chapter Lessons**

1. **Awe and Reverence for God:** Even in times of great uncertainty and fear, we are called to remember God’s awesome power and His mighty deeds throughout history. This perspective helps us to see beyond our immediate struggles and recognize His enduring sovereignty.
2. **Prayer for Mercy and Renewal:** Habakkuk’s plea to “in wrath remember mercy” teaches us to bring our anxieties to God, asking Him to act in our present circumstances not with judgment, but with compassion and renewal. It is a humble recognition of our need for His grace.
3. **God's Active Presence in the World:** The vivid imagery of God’s movement and power reminds us that He is not a distant, passive observer. He is actively involved in the affairs of the world, capable of moving mountains and turning tides, even when we cannot perceive it.
4. **Divine Justice Against Oppression:** While God's power can be overwhelming, the chapter assures us that He ultimately acts to deliver His people and address deep injustices. This is a call to trust that God's justice will prevail, providing solace when we witness systemic wrongs.
5. **Finding Strength in God Alone:** The climax of the chapter reveals that true joy and strength are not dependent on external circumstances. We are encouraged to cultivate a spirit of contentment and rejoice in God as our Savior, regardless of what life takes away.
6. **Endurance Through Hardship:** Habakkuk’s commitment to rejoice even when the harvest fails provides a powerful model for enduring our own losses—be it health, relationships, or financial security. It teaches us to stand firm and resilient, anchored in our faith.
7. **Perspective in Desperation:** This chapter helps us reframe our understanding of security. It highlights that material possessions and fleeting successes are temporary, while the steadfast joy and strength found in God are eternal and unwavering, offering a profound sense of peace.
8. **Courage to Face the Future:** With God as our ultimate strength, we are empowered to navigate daunting challenges and uncertain futures. He equips us with resilience, making our "feet like the feet of a deer" to tread confidently even on difficult paths.

My dear brother or sister in Christ,

Habakkuk Chapter 3 is a profound and powerful prayer, a masterclass in faith forged in the fire of uncertainty. Habakkuk, a prophet wrestling with God's mysterious ways and the impending judgement on his people, ultimately lands on a bedrock of unshakeable trust. It’s a chapter that moves from desperate questioning to a declaration of defiant joy, a journey that offers us a deeply practical guide for how to "Act Godly" in our own complex world.

This isn't about mere outward piety; it's about cultivating an internal posture that reflects God's character and power, no matter what storms rage around us.

Let’s first distil the core behavioural and moral themes from Habakkuk 3:

Core Behavioural and Moral Themes of Habakkuk Chapter 3:

1. Reverent Remembrance and Earnest Prayer for God's Work: Habakkuk begins by recalling God's past awesome deeds and power, then petitions Him to "revive your work" and "in wrath remember mercy." This theme highlights the necessity of remembering God's sovereignty and faithfulness through history, and then actively, fervently praying for His intervention and grace in our present circumstances.
2. Humble Trust and Patient Endurance in the Face of Adversity: As God's majestic power is unveiled, Habakkuk trembles physically, acknowledging his own smallness and God's immense control. He then commits to waiting in quietness for the day of trouble, demonstrating a profound humility and a patient reliance on God's timing and justice, rather than human panic or striving.
3. Unwavering Joy and Strength in God Alone, Independent of Circumstances: This is the crescendo of the chapter. Despite the looming threat of total deprivation ("though the fig tree should not blossom..."), Habakkuk declares he will "rejoice in the Lord" and "be joyful in God my Saviour." His strength comes from the Lord, who makes his feet like hinds' feet, enabling him to navigate treacherous heights. This theme champions a faith that finds its ultimate joy and source of strength purely in God's character and salvation, not in earthly provisions or comfort.

---

A Practical Guide to "Acting Godly" in Your Modern Life

Based on these powerful themes, here are 3 highly practical, real-world ways you can "Act Godly" today:

1. Practise Intentional, Reviving Prayer for Your Sphere of Influence.

   • The Challenge: Instead of merely reacting to problems or just offering quick, generic prayers, step into Habakkuk's posture of remembering God's immense power and earnestly asking for His revival. Think about a specific area where you see spiritual apathy, moral decline, or overwhelming need – perhaps in your family, workplace, church, or community.
   • The Action: Take dedicated time each week to specifically pray, "Lord, revive your work in the midst of these years!" Call to mind past instances where God moved powerfully (in the Bible, in history, or even in your own life), and then with that confidence, plead with Him to act again. This isn't just asking for help; it's asking for a demonstration of His divine power and mercy to turn things around. It's about praying for His kingdom to come and His will to be done right there, actively looking for ways you might be a part of that answer as He leads.

2. Cultivate Humble Endurance When Life's Plans Unravel.

   • The Challenge: Life is full of unforeseen twists and turns: a job loss, a difficult diagnosis, a relational conflict, or a significant disappointment. Our natural inclination is often to panic, complain, or immediately try to fix everything in our own strength. Habakkuk's trembling body and his resolve to "wait quietly" teach us a different path.
   • The Action: When you face a situation that threatens to unravel your plans or peace, consciously pause. Instead of immediately reacting, take a deep breath and acknowledge God's sovereignty over this moment, just as Habakkuk recognised God's control over the cosmos. Humbly present your fears and frustrations to Him, but then choose to wait. This waiting isn't passive resignation; it's an active, trust-filled quietness where you seek God's perspective, listen for His guidance, and commit to patiently enduring the process, believing He is working even when you don't see it. It means controlling your reactions and giving space for God to lead you through the uncertainty.

3. Anchor Your Joy and Strength in God's Unchanging Character, Not Changing Circumstances.

   • The Challenge: It's easy to be joyful when life is good – when the "fig tree blossoms" and the "fields yield food." But Habakkuk demands a deeper joy, one that persists even when everything earthly fails. This is the ultimate test of where our true security lies.
   • The Action: Intentionally practise what I call "Habakkuk 3:17-19 declarations" in your daily life. When you encounter a setback – a failed project, unexpected expenses, personal criticism, or simply a bad day – instead of dwelling on the negative, consciously pivot to praising God for who He is. Say it aloud, write it down, sing it: "Though [this specific thing] fails, yet I will rejoice in the Lord; I will be joyful in God my Saviour." Actively find reasons to thank Him for His faithfulness, His love, His power, and His salvation, independent of what your current situation dictates. This radical shift in focus cultivates an inner strength and joy that cannot be shaken, reminding you that your ultimate security is not in the economy, your health, or your relationships, but in the Living God who makes your feet like hinds' feet to scale the highest, most difficult peaks of life.

---

My friends, "Acting Godly" isn't about pretending everything is fine. It's about facing the raw realities of life with a faith so deeply rooted in who God is that it transforms your reactions, empowers your prayers, and fuels an unwavering joy even in the darkest valleys. Take up Habakkuk's challenge today, and watch how God uses your obedient trust to reveal His glory in and through you.

**SECTION 2: Modern Insights**

**Health Crisis and Anxiety**
* The Scenario: Someone receives a devastating health diagnosis or experiences crippling anxiety that makes daily life unbearable, feeling their future has been stolen and their peace shattered.
* The Lesson: Habakkuk's prayer, "in wrath remember mercy" (v.2), reminds us that even when facing overwhelming personal trials, we can appeal to God's compassionate nature. His ultimate response of finding strength and joy in God despite utter devastation (v.17-19) offers a profound model for facing our own debilitating fears and uncertainties, anchoring our hope not in fleeting physical well-being, but in God's unchanging presence and His promise to be our strength.

**Relationship Breakdown and Social Media Isolation**
* The Scenario: A family experiences a painful estrangement, or a person feels deeply isolated and lonely despite constant connection on social media, struggling with comparison and superficial validation.
* The Lesson: The chapter’s portrayal of God's awe-inspiring presence (v.3-15) and Habakkuk's personal reliance on Him (v.16-19) invites us to seek deep, authentic connection with the divine, rather than superficial substitutes. When relationships falter or social media leaves us feeling empty, we are called to root our sense of worth and belonging in the Sovereign Lord, finding our "strength" and ability to "tread on the heights" (v.19) in Him, which can then empower us to pursue genuine reconciliation and connection in the real world with renewed courage and compassion.

**Immigration and Xenophobia**
* The Scenario: Communities are grappling with the arrival of immigrants or refugees, facing tensions and fear-driven rhetoric that often leads to unwelcoming attitudes and policies, forgetting the shared humanity.
* The Lesson: Habakkuk’s prayer for God to "remember mercy" (v.2) in a time of impending judgment speaks directly to our call for compassion. While Habakkuk describes God's power over nations (v.12), the ultimate purpose is the salvation of His people (v.13). Jesus himself lived a life of inclusion, welcoming outsiders and advocating for the vulnerable. This chapter encourages us to remember God’s care for all people, urging us to extend mercy, respect, and welcome to those who migrate, recognizing their inherent dignity and our shared humanity, rather than succumbing to fear or hostility.

**Global Conflict and War Fatigue**
* The Scenario: News headlines are dominated by ongoing wars and conflicts, leaving people feeling helpless, angry, or desensitized, questioning where peace can be found amidst such pervasive violence.
* The Lesson: Habakkuk's vivid depiction of God's powerful judgment against oppressive forces (v.3-15) is ultimately a prayer for *divine* intervention and *salvation* for His people (v.13), not a call for humans to wage war. Jesus, with the rare exception of cleansing the temple from exploitation, consistently advocated for peace, non-violence, and reconciliation. Therefore, this chapter teaches us to trust God for ultimate justice, while our human response is to tirelessly pursue peace, advocate for an end to violence, and offer compassion to all affected by conflict, rather than contributing to further division or militarism.

**Economic Instability and Career Stress**
* The Scenario: An individual faces job loss, significant financial uncertainty, or immense pressure in their career, leading to chronic stress, anxiety about providing for their family, and a feeling of profound instability.
* The Lesson: Habakkuk's radical declaration, "Though the fig tree does not bud... yet I will rejoice in the Lord" (v.17-18), offers profound guidance. It challenges us to detach our peace and joy from material prosperity or career success. In times of economic instability or overwhelming job stress, this passage encourages us to shift our foundation of security from our finances or employment to the unchanging nature of God, finding our ultimate strength and ability to navigate difficult circumstances in Him alone (v.19), rather than being consumed by fear and despair.

[Habakkuk]

Chapter 3
1. Raise a Hallelujah by Bethel Music, Jonathan David Helser & Melissa Helser
Link: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Raise+a+Hallelujah+Bethel+Worship
Description: This powerful song echoes Habakkuk's defiant declaration of joy and praise even when circumstances are dire. Just as Habakkuk chooses to rejoice in the Lord despite all produce failing (Hab 3:17-18), the song expresses raising a "hallelujah in the presence of enemies," choosing worship as an act of faith amidst adversity. It embodies the spirit of triumph through praise when all else seems lost.

1. How Great Is Our God by Chris Tomlin
   Link: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=How+Great+Is+Our+God+Chris+Tomlin+Worship
   Description: This song perfectly captures the awe-inspiring majesty and power of God described in Habakkuk's prayer (Hab 3:3-15). With lyrics like "The splendour of a King, robed in majesty... the earth trembles at His voice," it mirrors the vivid imagery of God's glorious arrival, shaking creation and revealing His overwhelming sovereignty. It invites worshippers to respond with wonder and reverence, much like Habakkuk's fearful trembling and worshipful prayer.

2. Firm Foundation (He Won't) by Cody Carnes
   Link: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Firm+Foundation+He+Won%27t+Cody+Carnes+Worship
   Description: This song resonates deeply with Habakkuk 3:19, where the prophet declares, "The Sovereign Lord is my strength; he makes my feet like the feet of a deer, he enables me to tread on the heights." When everything else is unstable, the song proclaims "Christ is my firm foundation, the rock on which I stand," emphasising God's unwavering faithfulness and strength amidst a shifting world, providing secure footing and hope that will never fail.

[Habakkuk]

Chapter 3

Verse 1:
Almighty God, I praise You as the source of all prophecy and the inspiration behind every sacred word. I confess my often-distracted heart, which can rush into prayer without truly listening for Your voice. Please, guide my spirit as I seek to commune with You, that my prayers may be an honest outpouring of my soul and a receptive channel for Your truth. I yield my understanding to Your divine wisdom, knowing You speak through many means. Amen.

Verse 2:

Verse 3:

Verse 4:

Verse 5:

Verse 6:

Verse 7:

Verse 8:

Verse 9:

Verse 10:

Verse 11:

Verse 12:

Verse 13:

Verse 14:

Verse 15:

Verse 16:

Verse 17:

Verse 18:

Verse 19: