1:1 After Joshua passed away, the people of Israel asked the LORD, "Which one of us should lead the first attack against the Canaanites?"
Context: This verse marks the beginning of the book of Judges, immediately after the death of Joshua, who was Israel's leader after Moses. It shows the Israelites, now without their central leader, turning to God for guidance on how to continue conquering the Promised Land from the Canaanites. This moment highlights their dependence on God's direction in a new phase of their history.
Meaning: After their amazing leader Joshua died, the people of Israel were without someone to guide them. They still had a big job to do: taking over the land God promised them and driving out the Canaanites. So, they smartly asked God, "Who should lead us into battle first?" This shows they knew God was still in charge and wanted His instructions.

1:2 The LORD answered, "Judah will go first. I promise that I have put the land into their power."
Context: This is God's direct answer to the Israelites' question in 1:1. He singles out the tribe of Judah to initiate the conquest, reinforcing His promise of victory and emphasising that the success of the mission rests on His divine intervention and blessing. This divine assignment underscores God's active involvement in Israel's history.
Meaning: God answered their question clearly! He told the tribe of Judah to go first. More importantly, He promised them that He would make sure they conquered the land. It's like God saying, "Don't worry, I'm giving you this victory, just go for it!" This promise was a huge encouragement for Judah.

1:3 Judah said to his brother tribe, Simeon, "Join me in my assigned territory so we can battle the Canaanites. Then, I will also go with you into your land." Simeon agreed and went with him.
Context: Following God's command, Judah demonstrates practical wisdom by forming an alliance with the tribe of Simeon. This cooperation was strategically sound because Simeon's tribal territory was located within Judah's larger allotment, making joint military action beneficial for both in clearing out their shared region. It illustrates early tribal cooperation in the challenging task of conquest.
Meaning: The tribe of Judah didn't just rush off by themselves after God's command. They asked their neighbouring tribe, Simeon, to join them. Judah suggested, "Let's work together to clear out the Canaanites in my land, and then I'll help you in your land." Simeon agreed, showing that sometimes working together, especially with family or allies, is the best way to get a big job done.

1:4 So Judah attacked, and the LORD allowed them to conquer the Canaanites and Perizzites. In Bezek, they slaughtered ten thousand men.
Context: This verse reports the immediate success of Judah's military campaign, confirming God's promise from 1:2. The phrase "the LORD allowed them to conquer" highlights that the victory was divinely enabled, not just due to Israelite strength. The specific location (Bezek) and the large number of casualties illustrate the scale and intensity of these initial battles.
Meaning: Just as God promised, Judah attacked, and God helped them win a huge victory! They conquered the Canaanites and Perizzites, two groups living in the land. In a place called Bezek, they defeated an impressive ten thousand enemy soldiers. This shows that when God is on your side, big challenges can be overcome.

1:5 In Bezek, they discovered Adonibezek. They engaged him in battle and struck down the Canaanites and Perizzites.
Context: This verse continues the narrative of Judah's military success, focusing on the discovery and engagement with Adonibezek, the king of Bezek. It zeroes in on a key leader of the enemy forces, indicating the Israelites' comprehensive approach to securing the land.
Meaning: During the battle in Bezek, the Israelite fighters found Adonibezek, who was the king of that area. They fought against him and his people, the Canaanites and Perizzites. This shows that the Israelites weren't just fighting regular soldiers; they were also taking on powerful leaders who ruled over the land.

1:6 Adonibezek managed to escape, but the Israelites pursued him, captured him, and then cut off his thumbs and his big toes.
Context: This verse describes the capture and subsequent punitive action taken against Adonibezek. Cutting off a captive's thumbs and big toes was a severe but recognised practise in ancient warfare, aimed at permanently disabling a warrior and preventing them from fighting or fleeing, often used as a form of humiliation.
Meaning: King Adonibezek tried to escape the battle, but the Israelites chased him down, caught him, and did something pretty harsh: they cut off his thumbs and his big toes. This was a common, though cruel, practise back then to make sure a captured enemy warrior or king couldn't fight or run effectively ever again.

1:7 Adonibezek declared, "I once made seventy kings, whose thumbs and big toes I had cut off, gather crumbs under my dining table. Now, God has repaid me in the same way." They brought him to Jerusalem, and he died there.
Context: Adonibezek's confession is a pivotal moment, revealing a theme of divine retribution and ancient justice. His acknowledgment that God has repaid him in kind for his own cruelty to seventy kings foreshadows the book's larger message about God's justice and the consequences of actions, both for Israel's enemies and for Israel itself.
Meaning: Adonibezek, after suffering the same punishment he had inflicted on others, understood that God was paying him back. He confessed that he had once cut off the thumbs and big toes of seventy kings and made them eat crumbs under his table. He realised that God was giving him exactly what he deserved. He was then brought to Jerusalem and eventually died there.

1:8 (It's worth noting here that the text seems to jump back in time slightly, or possibly refers to a distinct engagement). The tribe of Judah had previously fought against Jerusalem, conquered it, killed its inhabitants with swords, and then set the city ablaze.
Context: This verse presents a potentially anachronistic or summary statement regarding Judah's conquest of Jerusalem. While Jerusalem remained a Jebusite stronghold for centuries, Judah's initial victory here is significant. It shows Judah's early efforts against the city, which would later become the capital of Israel under David, though not fully controlled by Israel until then.
Meaning: The Bible sometimes shares events that aren't strictly in order. This verse tells us that the tribe of Judah had fought against the city of Jerusalem even earlier than some other events mentioned. They captured it, killed its people, and burned it. This shows Judah's determination to take control of the land, even if Jerusalem itself wouldn't be fully secured for a long time.

1:9 After this, the men of Judah went to battle the Canaanites who lived in the mountains, the southern region, and the lowlands.
Context: After conquering Jerusalem, Judah continues its military campaign, expanding its efforts to clear the Canaanites from various geographical regions within its allotted territory. This verse highlights the ongoing and diverse nature of the conquest, facing different types of terrain and enemy groups.
Meaning: After dealing with Jerusalem, the men of Judah kept going. They moved to battle the Canaanites living in all sorts of places: the high mountains, the arid southern desert, and the lower plains. This shows their commitment to taking full control of the vast territory God had given them, no matter the difficulty of the land or the enemies they faced.

1:10 Judah then advanced on the Canaanites residing in Hebron (a city formerly known as Kirjath Arba). They eliminated Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
Context: This verse details a specific victory in Judah's campaign, focusing on the capture of Hebron and the elimination of key Anakim figures (Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai). Hebron was a very significant city, and its capture, previously mentioned during Joshua's time, reinforces Judah's claim to the region. The Anakim were often described as giants, making their defeat a powerful symbol of God's assistance.
Meaning: Judah then moved to attack the city of Hebron, which had an older name, Kirjath Arba. They successfully conquered it and defeated three important leaders or groups of people named Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. These were likely powerful, perhaps even giant-like, warriors, making this another impressive victory for Judah in taking the land.

1:11 From there, they proceeded to attack the people of Debir, a place once called Kirjath Sepher.
Context: This verse sets the stage for the next phase of the conquest, focusing on Debir (formerly Kirjath Sepher). It indicates the continued expansion and consolidation of Israelite control into new areas, leading directly into the narrative of Caleb's challenge and Othniel's bravery.
Meaning: From Hebron, the Israelites continued their advance, moving to attack the people of Debir, a city previously known as Kirjath Sepher. This shows the ongoing effort to clear out the land and establish Israelite control in different key locations.

1:12 Caleb declared, "The person who attacks and captures Kirjath Sepher will receive my daughter Achsah as his wife."
Context: This verse introduces Caleb's challenge, a classic ancient custom where a leader offers a significant reward (his daughter in marriage) for a difficult military feat. This act not only encourages bravery but also helps secure strategic locations like Kirjath Sepher, demonstrating Caleb's leadership and commitment to the conquest.
Meaning: Caleb, a wise and brave leader, made an exciting public promise: "Whoever is strong enough to attack and capture the city of Kirjath Sepher will get my daughter, Achsah, to be his wife." This was a bold challenge designed to inspire a warrior to conquer this important city.

1:13 Othniel, the son of Kenaz and Caleb's younger brother, successfully seized the city. As a result, Caleb gave him his daughter Achsah to be his wife.
Context: This verse describes Othniel accepting Caleb's challenge and successfully capturing Kirjath Sepher. Othniel is introduced as Caleb's younger brother (or nephew, as Kenaz is Caleb's father's name or a clan leader, making Othniel Caleb's nephew or a younger relative). This event establishes Othniel's military prowess and is significant because he later becomes the first "judge" of Israel (Judges 3:9-11).
Meaning: A brave man named Othniel, who was Caleb's younger brother (or nephew), successfully took on the challenge. He attacked and captured the city of Kirjath Sepher! True to his word, Caleb gave his daughter Achsah to Othniel as his wife, rewarding his courage and success.

1:14 When Achsah joined Othniel, she convinced him to request land from her father. As she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her, "What is it you wish for?"
Context: This verse describes Achsah's initiative to secure an additional, crucial gift from her father, Caleb. It highlights the agency of women in the ancient world, particularly in matters of inheritance and resources. Her action is prompted by the nature of the land she received (a dry region), demonstrating practical concern for her household's future.
Meaning: When Achsah went to live with Othniel, she had a clever idea to get more land from her father, Caleb. As she arrived and got off her donkey, Caleb noticed her intention and asked her directly, "What is it you wish for?" This shows Achsah was smart and knew how to advocate for what she and Othniel needed.

1:15 She responded, "Please grant me an additional gift. Since you've given me land in the arid south, I also ask for springs of water." So, Caleb gave her both the high springs and the low springs.
Context: Achsah's specific request for "springs of water" demonstrates her foresight and understanding of agricultural needs, especially for land located in the arid southern region (Negev). Caleb's generosity in granting her both "high springs" and "low springs" ensures the fertility and value of her inheritance, completing the story of her resourcefulness and her father's care.
Meaning: Achsah explained to her father that the land he had given her was in a dry, southern area. So, she wisely asked for an additional gift: springs of water, which were vital for farming and living in that climate. Caleb was generous and gave her both the upper and lower springs, providing her with plenty of water for her land.

1:16 The descendants of the Kenite, who was Moses' father-in-law, moved from the City of Palms. They journeyed with the tribe of Judah into the desert area of Judah, located south of Arad, and settled among the local population there.
Context: This verse introduces the first wave of tribal settlements in the Promised Land after the death of Joshua. It highlights how various groups, including non-Israelites who had a historical connection with Moses, began to integrate and settle alongside the Israelite tribes, specifically Judah, even in the desert regions. This sets the stage for understanding the diverse populations and alliances during this period.
Meaning: After Moses and Joshua, the people of Israel were dividing up and settling into the land God promised them. This verse tells us about a group called the Kenites, whose family connection goes all the way back to Moses' father-in-law. Instead of going their own way, they moved with the tribe of Judah into a desert area and made it their home alongside them. It shows that not everyone living in the land was an enemy; some joined with Israel.

1:17 Judah went with his brother Simeon, and together they defeated the Canaanites living in Zephath, completely destroying the city. They then called the city Hormah.
Context: Following Judah's successful ventures, this verse details a specific military campaign where two tribes, Judah and Simeon, cooperated to conquer a city. This demonstrates initial tribal unity and successful eradication of a Canaanite stronghold, fulfilling part of the command to clear the land. The renaming of the city to Hormah signifies its complete destruction and dedication.
Meaning: Here, two Israelite tribes, Judah and his "brother" Simeon, teamed up to fight against the Canaanites in a city called Zephath. They won a big victory, destroying the city completely. As a sign of this total destruction and dedication to God, they renamed the city Hormah, which means "destruction." It's an example of the tribes working together to take the land God promised them.

1:18 Furthermore, Judah successfully seized Gaza and its surrounding regions, as well as Ashkelon and its neighbouring areas, and Ekron with its territories.
Context: This verse continues to list the military successes of the tribe of Judah. It specifically mentions the capture of several key Philistine cities in the fertile coastal plain, indicating a significant expansion of Judah's territory and a powerful initial phase of conquest against strong adversaries.
Meaning: This verse shows that the tribe of Judah was really strong and successful in battle. It lists important cities like Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron, all located near the coast, that Judah managed to capture along with their surrounding areas. This meant Judah was taking control of a large and important part of the land God had promised them, demonstrating their power and reach.

1:19 The LORD was on Judah's side, and they successfully forced out the people living in the mountains. But they were unable to expel the inhabitants of the valleys because those enemies possessed chariots made of iron.
Context: This verse introduces a critical turning point and a recurring theme in Judges: the partial success and failure of the Israelite conquest. While God's presence ensures victory in the mountains, human fear or lack of faith in the face of superior technology (iron chariots) leads to failure in the valleys, setting a precedent for incomplete obedience.
Meaning: This verse is super important because it shows a mixed outcome for Judah. It starts by saying "The LORD was on Judah's side," which explains why they successfully drove out the people living in the mountains. But then it says they couldn't drive out the enemies in the valleys. Why? Because those enemies had powerful chariots made of iron. This tells us that even with God's help, sometimes human fear or focusing on the strength of the enemy more than God's power led to incomplete victories.

1:20 As Moses had instructed, Hebron was given to Caleb, and he drove out the three Anakite giants from that place.
Context: This verse recalls a specific promise made to Caleb by Moses, recorded in Numbers and Joshua. It highlights Caleb's faithfulness and success in conquering his allotted territory, including driving out the formidable Anakim. This serves as a contrast to the preceding and subsequent accounts of tribal failures.
Meaning: This verse reminds us of a special promise Moses made to Caleb, a very brave and faithful leader. Moses had promised Caleb the city of Hebron, and here we see Caleb actually conquering it. He successfully drove out the Anakite giants, who were big and strong people. This shows that Caleb, with God's help and his own courage, was able to overcome even the biggest challenges, fulfilling the promise made to him.

1:21 However, the tribe of Benjamin did not manage to expel the Jebusites who lived in Jerusalem. Because of this, the Jebusites continue to live with the Benjaminites in Jerusalem even now.
Context: This is another example of a tribe failing to complete the conquest of its allotted territory. The tribe of Benjamin did not expel the Jebusites from Jerusalem, leaving a significant enemy stronghold within Israel's future heartland. This failure foreshadows ongoing issues and the later conquest of Jerusalem by King David.
Meaning: Here's another case where an Israelite tribe didn't finish the job. The tribe of Benjamin was supposed to drive out the Jebusites who lived in Jerusalem, a very important city. But they didn't succeed, and because of that, the Jebusites continued to live alongside the Benjaminites in Jerusalem. The phrase "even now" means this situation lasted for a long, long time, showing how their incomplete obedience led to enemies remaining in their land.

1:22 The family of Joseph also marched against Bethel, and the LORD was with them.
Context: The narrative shifts focus to the tribes descended from Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh). This verse introduces their campaign against Bethel, emphasising divine support, similar to Judah's initial successes. It sets the stage for a clever strategy to capture the city.
Meaning: This verse tells us about another powerful group of Israelites, the "family of Joseph" (which included the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh). They went to fight against the city of Bethel, and just like with Judah, it clearly states that "the LORD was with them." This is a key detail because it means God was helping them, which is why they were able to come up with a smart plan to take over the city.

1:23 The family of Joseph sent people to scout Bethel (this city had previously been called Luz).
Context: This verse details the strategic preparation of the family of Joseph before attacking Bethel. Sending scouts was a common military practise in the ancient world, demonstrating prudence. The mention of "Luz" as the city's former name provides a historical connection to earlier biblical narratives (e.g., Jacob's dream).
Meaning: Before attacking Bethel, the family of Joseph decided to be smart and sent out scouts – like spies – to secretly check out the city. This was a wise military move to learn about the city's defences and find the best way to attack. The verse also mentions that Bethel used to be called Luz, which is a neat historical tidbit that connects this story to even older events in the Bible, like Jacob's dream.

1:24 The scouts saw a man coming out of the city gates. They said to him, "Please show us the way to enter the city, and we will spare your life."
Context: This verse describes the scouts' cunning plan to gain an advantage in conquering Bethel. By offering a deal to a city resident, they aimed to exploit internal knowledge, a tactic seen elsewhere in the conquest narratives (e.g., Rahab). It highlights a practical, if morally ambiguous, approach to warfare.
Meaning: The scouts from the family of Joseph were clever! While they were watching the city, they saw a man coming out of the gates. They stopped him and offered a deal: "If you show us a secret way to get into the city, we promise to let you and your family live." This was a risky but smart move to get inside information and make the capture of the city easier.

1:25 After he pointed out the city's entrance, they attacked the city with their swords. However, they allowed the man and his whole family to leave safely.
Context: This verse details the successful execution of the plan to conquer Bethel and the fulfilment of the promise made to the informant. It shows that even amidst warfare, agreements were sometimes honoured. The method of conquest here, allowing some to leave, contrasts with the "total destruction" mentioned in other accounts.
Meaning: The man kept his word and showed the Israelite scouts the way to enter Bethel. Once they had that information, the family of Joseph attacked the city with their swords and captured it. They also kept their promise to the man, allowing him and his entire family to leave safely before the battle ended. It shows that even in war, promises were sometimes kept.

1:26 The man then travelled to the land of the Hittites, built a new city, and named it Luz. That name remains to this day.
Context: This verse provides a unique epilogue for the informant from Bethel. It describes his new life, his relocation to another land (the land of the Hittites), and the establishment of a new city, named after his former home. This detail adds a layer of realism and follow-up to the narrative, showing the long-term impact of individual choices during the conquest.
Meaning: After helping the Israelites capture Bethel, the man didn't just disappear. He travelled to a different country, the land of the Hittites (which was north of Israel). There, he started a brand new city and named it Luz, perhaps to remember his old home, since Bethel used to be called Luz. The Bible mentions that this new city kept that name "to this day," suggesting its legacy continued for a long time.

1:27 The tribe of Manasseh did not force out the residents of Beth Shean and its surrounding towns, nor Taanach and its towns, nor Dor and its towns, nor Ibleam and its towns, nor Megiddo and its towns. Instead, the Canaanites continued to reside in that territory.
Context: This verse marks a significant return to the theme of Israelite failure to fully dispossess the Canaanites. It lists several important cities and their towns within Manasseh's territory where the Canaanites were allowed to remain, indicating widespread disobedience and a lack of complete conquest, which would lead to future problems.
Meaning: This verse is another example of an Israelite tribe not fully obeying God's command. The tribe of Manasseh was supposed to drive out all the Canaanites from their land, but they didn't. It lists several key cities – Beth Shean, Taanach, Dor, Ibleam, and Megiddo – and their surrounding towns where the Canaanites continued to live. This meant Manasseh failed to fully claim their inheritance, leaving enemies living right among them.

1:28 When Israel eventually gained more power, they made the Canaanites pay them taxes, but they did not completely remove them from the land.
Context: This verse describes a later development in the relationship between Israel and the unconquered Canaanites. Instead of complete expulsion, the Israelites, once stronger, chose to subjugate them through forced labour or tribute. This was a compromise and a direct disobedience to God's command, setting a dangerous precedent for future generations by allowing foreign influence to remain.
Meaning: This verse describes a compromise made by the Israelites. Instead of completely driving out the Canaanites as God commanded, when the Israelite tribes became stronger, they decided to make the Canaanites pay them taxes or work for them. While this might have seemed like a practical solution, giving Israel power and resources, it was actually a failure to obey God's command to fully remove these people from the land, leading to future problems.

1:29 Ephraim likewise failed to drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer, so the Canaanites remained living among them there.
Context: This verse reiterates the widespread failure of the Israelite tribes to complete the conquest. Ephraim, another prominent tribe from the family of Joseph, also failed to drive out the Canaanites in their territory (Gezer), mirroring the disobedience seen in other tribes and reinforcing the book's central theme of incomplete obedience.
Meaning: Just like other tribes, the tribe of Ephraim also failed to do what God asked. They didn't drive out the Canaanites who lived in the city of Gezer. Because of this, the Canaanites continued to live right there, mixed in with the people of Ephraim. This shows a pattern of incomplete obedience among many of the tribes, allowing their enemies to remain in the land.

1:30 Zebulun also did not expel the residents of Kitron or Nahalol. The Canaanites continued to live among them and were forced to pay tribute.
Context: This verse provides yet another example of an Israelite tribe failing to fully dispossess the Canaanites. Zebulun, like several other tribes, chose to keep the Canaanites as a subjected people, forcing them to pay tribute, rather than expelling them. This again highlights the pervasive theme of incomplete obedience and compromise that characterised the early period of the Judges.
Meaning: This verse tells us that the tribe of Zebulun also didn't fully conquer their land. They didn't drive out the people living in the cities of Kitron or Nahalol. Instead, the Canaanites stayed living among them, and Zebulun made them pay tribute, which is like a regular payment or tax. While it gave Zebulun some control and resources, it was still a failure to completely obey God's command to clear the land of these inhabitants.

1:31 Asher did not force out the inhabitants of Acco, nor Sidon, nor Ahlab, nor Achzib, nor Helbah, nor Aphik, nor Rehob.
Context: This verse is part of a list that describes the failure of various Israelite tribes to fully conquer and occupy the land God had promised them. After Joshua's death, each tribe was meant to drive out the native inhabitants from their assigned territories, but many did not completely obey.
Meaning: The tribe of Asher, which was given a specific region of land, did not successfully drive out the people living in several important cities like Acco and Sidon. This shows their incomplete obedience to God's command to clear the land of other nations, leaving these groups to live among them.

1:32 Instead, the people of Asher lived among the Canaanites, the native people of that region, because they failed to drive them out.
Context: This verse follows directly from 1:31, explaining the outcome of Asher's failure to expel the native Canaanites. It highlights the consequence of their partial obedience.
Meaning: Instead of removing the Canaanites, the people of Asher ended up living right alongside them. This was a problem because God had commanded them to drive out these nations to prevent Israel from being influenced by their false gods and sinful practises. Their failure led to coexistence instead of complete conquest.

1:33 Naphtali also did not expel the residents of Beth Shemesh or Beth Anath. Instead, Naphtali lived among the Canaanites who were the native people of the land. Nonetheless, the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath eventually had to pay them taxes.
Context: Similar to the previous verses about Asher, this verse details another tribe, Naphtali, and its struggles with fully conquering its territory. It also introduces the concept of making the native people pay taxes, a form of control short of expulsion.
Meaning: The tribe of Naphtali also failed to completely remove the residents of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath. Like Asher, they lived among the native Canaanites. However, Naphtali did manage to exert some power by making these inhabitants pay them taxes, showing a level of dominance, though still not full obedience to God's command.

1:34 The Amorites pushed the tribe of Dan back into the hilly areas, preventing them from coming down into the lowlands.
Context: This verse describes a more severe failure than the previous ones: the tribe of Dan was not only unsuccessful in driving out the native inhabitants but was actually pushed back by the Amorites.
Meaning: The Amorites, a powerful native people, were strong enough to push the tribe of Dan away from the fertile lowlands and force them to retreat into the less desirable hilly areas. This shows that some Israelite tribes were actually losing ground and power to their enemies, rather than conquering them.

1:35 The Amorites preferred to settle in Mount Heres, Aijalon, and Shaalbim. Yet, the influence of the family of Joseph became strong enough to make them pay taxes.
Context: This verse continues the story of the Amorites but introduces a different outcome when dealing with the "family of Joseph" (the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh), showing varied success among the Israelite tribes.
Meaning: Even though the Amorites preferred to live in specific mountain areas, the tribes descended from Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh) eventually grew strong enough to overcome them. Instead of fully expelling them, these tribes made the Amorites pay taxes, similar to Naphtali, showing a successful assertion of power, even if not complete conquest.

1:36 The boundary of the Amorites' land extended from the climb of Akrabbim, starting from the rock, and continuing northward.
Context: This verse concludes the section on the Amorites by defining the extent of their territory. It serves as a geographical marker, indicating the continued presence of these non-Israelite groups in the land.
Meaning: This verse describes the geographical boundaries of the Amorites' land, indicating that they controlled a significant area. It shows that these native people were still a formidable presence and had clearly defined territories within the land God had promised to Israel.

**SECTION 1: Chapter Lessons**

1. **The Danger of Partial Commitment:** Judges 1 reveals how many tribes achieved initial victories but failed to fully dispossess the inhabitants of their land. This teaches us that half-hearted efforts in any area of life—whether it's our health goals, relational repair, or spiritual disciplines—often leave lingering issues that can undermine long-term well-being and peace. True transformation requires thoroughness and sustained commitment.

2. **Confronting Our "Iron Chariots":** Certain tribes could not drive out their adversaries because they possessed "iron chariots," representing formidable obstacles. In our modern lives, these can symbolize deep-seated anxieties, addictive patterns, overwhelming financial burdens, or career challenges that feel insurmountable. This chapter encourages us not to be paralyzed by fear of these "chariots," but to seek new strategies and divine strength to overcome what feels impossible.

3. **The Enticement of Compromise:** Instead of fully engaging with the divine command, some tribes settled for coexistence or forced labor. This mirrors our tendency to tolerate unhealthy situations in our lives—remaining in toxic relationship dynamics, accepting less than we're worth professionally, or allowing negative social media influences to persist—rather than pursuing genuine freedom and purity. Compromise can feel easier in the short term, but it often leads to deeper issues later.

4. **The Value of Collaborative Effort:** Judah partnered with Simeon, achieving greater success than they might have alone. This highlights the timeless importance of community and mutual support in our endeavors. Whether we are tackling complex health issues, navigating challenging family situations, or advocating for positive social change, we are stronger, more resilient, and more effective when we unite with others.

5. **The Consequence of Unresolved Issues:** The continued presence of the Canaanites eventually led to Israel's spiritual decline. This reminds us that unresolved problems—like chronic stress, unaddressed relationship rifts, or neglected financial planning—do not simply disappear. They often fester, silently impacting our long-term mental health, emotional stability, and overall spiritual vitality.

6. **Choosing Peace Over Perpetual Conflict:** While Judges 1 details physical conquest, the trajectory of biblical revelation, especially through Jesus, calls us to a higher path. The constant warfare in Judges, even if divinely sanctioned for a specific historical purpose, ultimately illustrates the weariness and moral complexities of violence. Jesus advocates for peacebuilding, non-violence, and reconciliation, encouraging us to seek spiritual victories through love and forgiveness rather than physical dominance, even in our deepest disagreements.

7. **Welcoming the Sojourner (A New Covenant Perspective):** The Kenites, Moses' relatives by marriage, are noted as settling among the people of Judah. While the context of Judges is complex regarding other groups, this inclusion can be reframed through a New Testament lens. Jesus calls us to radical hospitality, teaching us to respect, welcome, and love all people, including immigrants, migrants, and non-Christians, recognizing their inherent dignity. Our faith invites us to build bridges and offer compassion, rather than fostering exclusion or fear.

8. **Protecting Our Digital "Boundaries":** Just as the tribes struggled to fully secure their territorial boundaries, we can struggle to maintain healthy boundaries in our digital lives. Allowing a constant stream of toxic social media content, endless comparison, or excessive screen time to invade our mental and emotional space is akin to letting harmful influences dwell within our "land." We are called to intentionally "drive out" what doesn't serve our well-being and spiritual peace, creating healthier digital environments for ourselves.

Brothers and sisters, let's turn our attention to Judges Chapter 1. This isn't just an old battle record; it's a foundational lesson in what it means to truly walk with God, to "Act Godly," even in our complex modern world. The ancient Israelites were commanded to possess their inheritance, to drive out the spiritual and physical contaminants of their land. While our battles today aren't with physical chariots of iron, the principles of obedience, faith, and diligence remain utterly critical for inheriting our spiritual promises.

Here are the core lessons and how we can apply them today:

---

Core Behavioural and Moral Themes from Judges Chapter 1:

1. Seeking and Trusting Divine Guidance: The chapter opens with Judah asking, "Who shall go up first?" and the Lord answering, "Judah shall go up." This immediate consultation with God set the stage for their initial successes.
2. Wholehearted Obedience and Perseverance: God's command was to completely drive out the inhabitants. Where the tribes obeyed, God gave victory. Where they failed, compromised, or gave up, the consequences were devastating. Partial obedience, in God's eyes, is disobedience.
3. Kingdom Cooperation and Mutual Support: Judah's request to Simeon, "Come up with me... and I likewise will go with you," highlights the power and necessity of working together in God's plan.
4. Faith Over Perceived Obstacles: The repeated failure to drive out enemies because of "chariots of iron" or simply settling for tribute shows a lack of faith in God's unlimited power, even against seemingly superior adversaries.

---

How a Modern Christian Can "Act Godly" Based on Judges 1:

1. Cultivate a "Consult the Lord First" Mentality

• The Lesson: Judah didn't just rush into battle; they sought God's specific instruction on who should lead. This immediate consultation led to initial success and clarity.
• Practical Action: Before you make any significant decision – whether it's a career move, a major purchase, navigating a difficult relationship, or even planning your week – stop and truly consult the Lord. Don't just throw up a quick prayer and then do what you want anyway. Dedicate time to prayer, seeking wisdom from Scripture, and listening for His quiet leading. Ask yourself: "What is God's will here? How does this align with His Word?"
• Challenge: Make it a non-negotiable habit to seek God's counsel before you act, not just when things go wrong. Don't rely solely on your own wisdom or worldly advice. You’ll be amazed at the clarity and peace that come from inviting God into every part of your decision-making.

2. Drive Out Spiritual "Inhabitants" Completely – No Room for Compromise!

• The Lesson: The tribes failed repeatedly to drive out the Canaanites, allowing them to remain and eventually become a snare. This was partial, compromising obedience.
• Practical Action: In your life, identify the "Canaanites" – those habits, thought patterns, media influences, relationships, or areas of spiritual laziness that compromise your walk with Christ. Are there "chariots of iron" (deeply entrenched sins, cultural pressures, seemingly unconquerable struggles) that you've given up on fighting, deciding they're too strong for God to overcome in your life? Stop rationalising! You are called to completely drive out what hinders your godliness. This means ruthlessly eliminating anything that draws you away from God, even if it's culturally accepted or feels "too hard."
• Challenge: Pick one specific area where you know you've been compromising or tolerating sin. It might be gossip, persistent anger, lustful thoughts, dishonest business practises, or a harmful addiction. Make a resolute decision, empowered by the Holy Spirit, to drive it out entirely. Don't just manage it; eradicate it. Trust that God's power is greater than any "chariot of iron" in your life.

3. Engage in Kingdom Cooperation and Mutual Support

• The Lesson: Judah recognised their need for Simeon's help, and Simeon agreed to reciprocate. This partnership brought greater victory. Contrast this with the later individual failures of other tribes.
• Practical Action: We are not meant to fight our spiritual battles alone. Seek out and cultivate genuine, accountable relationships within the body of Christ. This means actively participating in a local church, joining a small group, or finding a trusted mentor. Be willing to ask for prayer and support when you are struggling, and just as importantly, be willing to offer it to others. Don't isolate yourself in your spiritual walk.
• Challenge: Identify someone in your church or small group whom you can intentionally support or be supported by. If you’re struggling with something, reach out and ask for prayer and accountability. If you see a brother or sister in need, don't wait to be asked; proactively offer your spiritual, emotional, or practical assistance. Let's fight our battles together, not in isolation.

4. Exercise Bold Faith Against Your "Chariots of Iron"

• The Lesson: The tribes' inability to drive out those with iron chariots wasn't a lack of God's power, but a lack of their faith in it. God had already delivered them from far greater foes.
• Practical Action: What are the "chariots of iron" in your life today? These are the overwhelming circumstances, deeply rooted fears, or chronic struggles that make you feel helpless and defeated. Maybe it's a crushing financial burden, a difficult family situation, a struggle with anxiety, or a dream that seems utterly impossible. Don't let the apparent strength of the obstacle define your God. Remember, the same God who parted the Red Sea and brought down Jericho's walls is with you.
• Challenge: Name your "chariot of iron." Instead of succumbing to despair or self-pity, choose to believe God for a breakthrough. Pray specifically for supernatural wisdom, strength, and intervention. Take a tangible step of faith, however small, knowing that God delights in using ordinary people to accomplish extraordinary things when they trust Him, even when the odds seem stacked against them.

---

Judges Chapter 1 serves as a stark reminder: God is faithful to His promises, but His people must be faithful in their obedience. May we be found among those who seek Him diligently, obey Him wholeheartedly, lean on one another, and trust Him completely, thereby truly "Acting Godly" in every arena of our lives. This isn't just about avoiding sin; it's about actively pursuing the abundant life God has promised through Christ. Let's rise to the challenge!

**SECTION 2: Modern Insights**

**The Unchecked Digital Influence**
* The Scenario: You find yourself constantly scrolling through social media feeds, feeling a mix of comparison, envy, and anxiety, even though you intellectually know it's not healthy for your mental well-being. You make partial attempts to cut back, but those addictive apps still live "on your phone," ready to pull you back in.
* The Lesson: Judges 1 illustrates tribes failing to completely drive out the inhabitants, leaving them to coexist. This mirrors our modern struggle with social media. We might make initial efforts to limit usage or unfollow negative accounts, but if we allow toxic content or excessive screen time to remain a constant presence in our daily lives, they can subtly erode our peace and distract us from true purpose, much like the Canaanites eventually corrupted Israel. The chapter encourages us to be thorough in removing influences that compromise our spiritual and mental health.

**Navigating Workplace Conflict**
* The Scenario: Your team at work is experiencing intense disagreements and power struggles, making collaboration difficult and creating a perpetually stressful atmosphere. Some colleagues are advocating for aggressive tactics to "win" arguments or dominate discussions, making true reconciliation seem impossible.
* The Lesson: While Judges 1 details physical battles for land and dominance, Jesus' teachings call us to a vastly different way of engaging with conflict. He was a pacifist, advocating for peace, reconciliation, and love for our enemies. In workplace disputes, this means actively seeking understanding, practicing empathy, and pursuing collaborative solutions rather than aiming to conquer or alienate others. True strength lies not in dominating, but in building bridges and fostering an environment of respect and cooperation, even when disagreements run deep.

**The Struggle with Persistent Health Goals**
* The Scenario: You've repeatedly started new health routines—diet, exercise, better sleep—with initial enthusiasm and some success. However, after a few weeks or months, you find yourself slipping back into old, less healthy habits, unable to fully "drive out" the patterns that undermine your long-term well-being.
* The Lesson: Many tribes in Judges 1 initially achieved victories but then failed to completely clear their allocated territories, leading to ongoing problems and compromise. This profoundly reflects our own challenges with consistent health and wellness. Partial effort might yield initial results, but for lasting change, we need sustained commitment and intentionality to "drive out" the habits that hinder our progress, whether they are late-night snacking, sedentary living, or chronic stress responses that sabotage our peace.

**Welcoming New Neighbors in a Changing World**
* The Scenario: A family from a different cultural background, perhaps new immigrants seeking refuge or opportunity, moves into your community. You observe some discomfort or even apprehension among your existing neighbors about their presence, leading to an environment of quiet suspicion rather than active welcome.
* The Lesson: While the narrative of Judges 1 is about establishing a homeland, it also notes the integration of the Kenites, Moses' kin, among Judah. However, Jesus' message transcends national boundaries, calling his followers to radical hospitality. He teaches us that showing profound respect, active welcome, and unconditional love to those who are new or different, including immigrants, migrants, and non-Christians, is a core expression of our faith. Instead of viewing "others" with suspicion, we are invited to embrace them as fellow humans, fostering connection and mutual understanding.

[Judges]

Chapter 1
1. Battle Belongs by Phil Wickham
Link: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Battle+Belongs+Phil+Wickham+Worship
Description: Judges 1 begins with God giving Judah the land, signalling that the conquest was His battle to win. This song affirms that the Lord is the one who goes before us and fights our battles, a truth Israel sometimes forgot when facing challenges like the "chariots of iron," leading to their incomplete conquests. It calls us to trust His strength over our own limitations.

1. See a Victory by Elevation Worship
   Link: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=See+a+Victory+Elevation+Worship
   Description: This song speaks to the power of declaring God's victory even before it's fully manifested, believing He will "move mountains." Judges 1 opens with God's clear promise of triumph to Judah, yet the Israelites faced formidable obstacles and partial failures. It encourages us to proclaim His ultimate deliverance despite the visible challenges, echoing God's initial assurance of victory.

2. Do It Again by Elevation Worship
   Link: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Do+It+Again+Elevation+Worship
   Description: This song is a powerful reminder of God's past faithfulness and a declaration of trust that He will "do it again" in our present circumstances. In Judges 1, Israel struggled with incomplete obedience and forgetting God's past mighty acts under Joshua, allowing enemies to remain. It's a call to build an "altar of remembrance" and trust God's consistent power and provision even amidst new challenges or perceived failures.

[Judges]

Chapter 1

Verse 1:
Almighty God, I praise You as the source of all wisdom and the ultimate guide for our lives. I confess that too often I rush into major decisions, like career transitions, driven by anxiety and my own limited understanding, rather than pausing to truly seek Your divine counsel. I humbly ask for Your clear direction, Lord, as I stand at crossroads, longing for peace and clarity amidst uncertainty. May my anxious heart find rest in Your perfect timing and Your sovereign plan. Amen.

Verse 2:
Gracious Father, I adore You, the God who answers, who speaks with clarity and unwavering authority. Forgive me when I doubt Your voice or second-guess the path You reveal, often seeking validation elsewhere instead of trusting Your sure word. Grant me an open heart and a spirit of obedience to receive Your answers, and the courage to step forward onto the path You have appointed for me, knowing Your hand is upon it. Amen.

Verse 3:
Loving God, I praise You for designing us for community and connection, for the strength that comes when we face life's battles together. I repent of my pride, Lord, when I attempt to carry burdens alone, believing I must be self-sufficient instead of reaching out for help. I ask You to guide me to supportive relationships and teach me to be a faithful partner, so that we may lighten each other's loads and be more effective for Your kingdom. Amen.

Verse 4:
Victorious Lord, I lift Your name in praise as the God who grants strength and success, empowering us to achieve what we cannot on our own. Forgive me for sometimes taking credit for initial victories, forgetting that every breakthrough, whether in health, finances, or personal growth, flows from Your grace. Help me to always recognize Your hand in my progress and to celebrate Your power at work in my life. Amen.

Verse 5:
Sovereign God, I praise Your enduring strength and Your presence that sustains us through every conflict. I confess my tendency to falter or grow weary when the fight isn't over quickly, longing for immediate resolution. Strengthen my resolve, Lord, to persevere through ongoing challenges, to keep fighting the good fight in every area of my life, trusting in Your sustained power to see me through. Amen.

Verse 6:
Righteous Judge, I praise Your unwavering justice and the truth that no wrong goes unnoticed in Your sight. I repent of my desire to avoid confronting the painful or difficult aspects of problems, especially in relationships, hoping they will simply fade away. Grant me courage to face hard truths decisively, to cut away negative patterns that hinder true healing and growth, even when it's uncomfortable. Amen.

Verse 7:
God of all truth, I acknowledge and praise Your ultimate justice, which brings all things to light and reveals the consequences of our actions. Forgive me when I minimize the harm I've caused or been unwilling to face the impact of my choices on others. Help me to understand the ripple effect of our deeds and to align my heart with Your perfect standard of justice and mercy. Amen.

Verse 8:
Holy God, I praise You as the purifying fire, consuming all that is evil and making way for new beginnings. I repent of holding onto things in my life—whether habits, grudges, or toxic influences—that need to be completely purged and removed. Grant me strength, I pray, to decisively cut out all that does not honor You, surrendering to Your cleansing fire for true inner freedom. Amen.

Verse 9:
Faithful God, I praise You as the One who equips me for every new challenge and every phase of my journey. I confess that after initial victories, I often become complacent, expecting the path ahead to be easy. Remind me, Lord, that true perseverance means recognizing new challenges will arise; grant me adaptability and sustained effort as I pursue long-term goals in health, finances, and spiritual growth. Amen.

Verse 10:
Mighty God, I praise Your name as the One who grants breakthroughs in long-standing strongholds and overcomes what seems insurmountable. Forgive me for being intimidated by persistent problems or deeply entrenched patterns in my life, sometimes feeling hopeless. I ask for Your power, Lord, to achieve victory over chronic pain, broken relational patterns, or any other deep-seated issue that resists my efforts. Amen.

Verse 11:
God of new beginnings, I praise You for always calling us forward, inviting us to new frontiers of faith and growth. I confess my hesitation to move forward, often clinging to the familiar even when You are beckoning me to something new. Grant me courage and clarity, Lord, as I face career transitions or any new beginning, to trust Your leading into the unknown with open hands and a hopeful heart. Amen.

Verse 12:
God of all integrity, I praise You as the One who is utterly faithful to Your covenants and whose promises never fail. Forgive me when I am careless with my words, failing to keep my commitments or making promises I don't intend to uphold. Help me, Lord, to live a life of integrity, so that my 'yes' means 'yes' and my 'no' means 'no,' building trust and honoring You in all my dealings. Amen.

Verse 13:
Generous Giver, I praise You as the God who rewards diligence and faithfulness, whose blessings are poured out on those who persevere. I repent of giving up too soon, of lacking the spiritual stamina to see difficult tasks through to completion. Strengthen me, Lord, to claim the blessings You have promised, trusting that my faithfulness will not go unnoticed in Your sight. Amen.

Verse 14:
Loving Father, I praise You as the One who invites us to ask, who listens intently to the desires of our hearts. Forgive me when I settle for less, afraid to voice my true needs or to advocate for what I truly require to thrive. Grant me courage, Lord, to articulate my deeper needs—whether for emotional support, practical resources, or a greater sense of purpose—knowing You delight in providing. Amen.

Verse 15:
God of Abundant Provision, I praise You as the Giver of life-sustaining water, providing beyond what I might initially expect. I repent of fearing to ask for what truly nourishes my soul and body, sometimes settling for dry land when You offer springs of living water. I specifically ask, Lord, for Your provision for my fundamental needs, for life-giving resources in my finances, health, and relationships, trusting in Your lavish generosity. Amen.

Verse 16:
God of all nations, I praise You for Your heart that welcomes and integrates diverse peoples, weaving us all into Your beautiful tapestry. Forgive me for moments of exclusion, for my reluctance to embrace new relationships or ideas that differ from my own. Open my heart, Lord, to welcome others, to find my place in Your family, and to contribute to a community where all are valued and supported. Amen.

Verse 17:
Powerful God, I praise You for empowering joint efforts and bringing complete victory over destructive patterns in our lives. I confess my tendency to tackle complex problems alone or to engage only partially in crucial tasks, hoping for a quick fix. Grant me strength, Lord, in collaboration with others and with Your Spirit, to fully eliminate harmful elements and embrace the transformative power of complete obedience. Amen.

Verse 18:
God of Wholeness, I praise You as the One who desires thoroughness and completeness in our obedience and healing. I repent of stopping short, of compromising on the difficult aspects of a challenge, hoping that avoiding discomfort will bring peace. Give me the resolve, Lord, to finish what I start and to address all aspects of a problem, especially in relational healing, for true and lasting reconciliation. Amen.

Verse 19:
Merciful God, I praise You for being with me even when I face daunting obstacles that feel like 'chariots of iron'—whether chronic illness, overwhelming debt, or deeply entrenched relational patterns. Forgive me for allowing these seemingly insurmountable challenges to paralyze me and diminish my faith in Your power. Grant me new strategies, Lord, and renewed perseverance to overcome these formidable barriers, trusting in Your unfailing presence and guidance. Amen.

Verse 20:
Faithful God, I praise You for always keeping Your promises, for empowering us to overcome the 'giants' in our lives. I repent of doubting Your promises or shrinking back in fear from the big challenges that confront me. Grant me strength, Lord, to conquer my personal giants—fear, self-doubt, addiction—and to fully claim the spiritual inheritance You have promised me. Amen.

Verse 21:
Holy God, I praise You as the One who calls us to full freedom and purity, not partial coexistence with what hinders us. I confess my tendency to tolerate harmful influences or to delay the difficult work of complete removal, letting unresolved issues fester. Grant me courage, Lord, to fully address spiritual or relational issues rather than allowing them to remain, even if it means discomfort for lasting peace. Amen.

Verse 22:
Gracious Lord, I praise You for Your constant presence, for being with me in every new endeavor and every step of my journey. Forgive me for forgetting Your companionship, for trying to go it alone in my challenges and transitions. Grant me an acute awareness of Your presence, Lord, as I embark on new beginnings or face the unknown, knowing that Your presence empowers and comforts me. Amen.

Verse 23:
Wise God, I praise You for granting wisdom for planning and preparation, for guiding us to think before we act. I repent of rushing into situations unprepared, ignoring the need for careful reflection or gathering necessary information. Help me, Lord, to pause and seek Your counsel, to plan effectively, and to wisely prepare for every major decision, particularly in career and life transitions. Amen.

Verse 24:
God of divine encounters, I praise You for using unexpected moments and open hearts to reveal Your paths to us. Forgive me for missed opportunities to show kindness or for being closed off to help from unexpected sources. Grant me discernment, Lord, to recognize Your divine appointments, and the grace to be both kind and receptive to others, wherever You lead me. Amen.

Verse 25:
God of Justice and Mercy, I praise You for Your balanced nature, allowing for grace even amidst judgment. I repent of being quick to condemn others or forgetting the immense grace You have shown me. Grant me wisdom, Lord, to know when to show grace, to walk in a balance of justice and mercy in all my dealings, reflecting Your heart to a hurting world. Amen.

Verse 26:
God of New Beginnings, I praise You for allowing fresh starts and new opportunities, even after hardship and change. I confess my fear of stepping into new territories, often clinging to old patterns and familiar comforts. Grant me the courage, Lord, to embrace new chapters, to rebuild and find fresh purpose after significant changes in my life, trusting in Your constant renewal. Amen.

Verse 27:
Steadfast God, I praise You for Your call to full freedom from lingering strongholds and for Your enduring faithfulness. I repent of compromising with persistent problems or tolerating influences that resist true transformation in my life. Grant me perseverance, Lord, when facing stubborn resistance to breaking unhealthy habits or overcoming financial obstacles, refusing to settle for partial victory. Amen.

Verse 28:
God of True Liberation, I praise You for desiring true freedom for Your children, not merely managing our problems. I confess to masking deeper relational issues with superficial solutions, avoiding the hard work of complete reconciliation for fear of discomfort. Grant me the courage, Lord, to address foundational hurts in my relationships and choose true, lasting healing over a fragile truce. Amen.

Verse 29:
God of Purity, I praise You for calling us to undivided loyalty and a life set apart for Your purposes. I repent of allowing harmful influences to remain intertwined with my life, fearing the disruption that total cleansing might bring. Grant me strength, Lord, to remove elements that hinder my spiritual growth or personal peace, even if it means short-term discomfort for long-term wholeness. Amen.

Verse 30:
God of Wholeness, I praise You for longing for our full flourishing and complete freedom from negative patterns. I confess my tendency to opt for control or temporary solutions instead of pursuing true liberation from destructive habits. Grant me wisdom, Lord, to see beyond superficial fixes and commit to deep, lasting change in all areas of my life, embracing Your vision for complete healing. Amen.

Verse 31:
Holy and Thorough God, I praise You for Your comprehensive standard, calling us to full commitment and complete transformation. I repent of the areas where I have fallen short, where compromise has taken root and lingered in my life. Grant me a clear vision, Lord, of what needs to be fully surrendered or completely removed from my path, and renew my dedication to wholehearted obedience. Amen.

Verse 32:
God of Distinction, I praise You for offering a path of holy separation from harmful influences, a life of distinctness for Your glory. I repent of becoming accustomed to coexisting with things that diminish my spiritual vitality or personal peace, making peace with what should be removed. Grant me courage, Lord, to break free from comfortable compromises and reclaim my unique identity in You. Amen.

Verse 33:
God of Authentic Relationships, I praise You for desiring complete inner freedom and genuine connection. I confess to allowing unresolved conflicts or past hurts to dictate my present, leading to superficial peace rather than true reconciliation. Grant me grace, Lord, to engage in the difficult work of full relational healing and genuine forgiveness, guided by Your Spirit toward lasting peace. Amen.

Verse 34:
God of Breakthrough, I praise You as the One able to break through any confinement and expand our spiritual territory beyond perceived limits. I repent of allowing fear or perceived limitations to restrict my potential, accepting a smaller life than You intend for me. Grant me courage, Lord, to challenge perceived boundaries and overcome obstacles that hold me back, whether in career advancement, financial growth, or personal development. Amen.

Verse 35:
Almighty God, I praise You for granting strength to overcome determined opposition and entrenched problems. I confess to thinking I can merely control problems rather than seeking Your wisdom for complete resolution, leading to ongoing tension. Grant me discernment, Lord, to recognize when an issue needs full resolution, not just management, especially in relational conflicts, and to truly yield to Your lasting solutions. Amen.

Verse 36:
Expansive God, I praise You as the One who sets boundaries, yet also calls us to expand our spiritual territory and grow in faith. I repent of being content with spiritual stagnation, fearing to cross into new areas of faith or personal development. Grant me a holy discontent with my current limitations, Lord, and the courage to push past boundaries that hinder my walk with You, trusting in Your power for ever-increasing growth. Amen.